خانە کتاب كُردی
Kurdish Language, Ideology and Subjectivation: Exploring The Unfinished Stories Contest (Pêşbaziya Ҫîrokên Negediyayî) and The Yell of Bulls (Gabor) in Terms of Louis Althusser’s Critical Theory
Mazhar Ebrahimi
The present study sets out to shed light on the question of language in the North and East of Kurdistan and the impacts of ideology on the process of being subjected for the individual Kurd encountering with the question.
Accordingly, two novels,The Unfinished Stories Contest by Şener Ozmen and The Yell of Bulls by Seyed Qader Hidayeti, have been examined with respect to the critical concepts of “ideology”, “repressive and ideological State appartuses” and “the subject” in Louis Althusser’s critical approach. The study indicates that, the physical suppression, through ideological systems, and the process of marginalizing the Kurdish language have been on progress simultaneously.
Cooperating with the State in this process, according to Althusser’s theory, four systems including family, school, religion and media have been successful in creating the given up subject. These subjects in sync with the ideological practice have created obstacles for the disobedient subjects through using the suppression. The protagonists of both novels, as three subjects of language protector, do not give in to the predominant ideology; for this, they found themselves in a great hazer, which, later on, caused one of them to be killed by one of the dishonest subjects of the religious system, and the rest of them ran away helplessly.
Being under the influence of the two systems of suppression and ideology, the obedient subjects in both texts have compromised. However, whereas in Sorani text suppression is more prominent, in Kurmanji text the ideological system is more prominent and has been successful in the process of marginalizing Kurdish language. Therefore, regarding the hidden force of ideology and the condition of language suppression in the North of Kurdistan, the authorities in this region have more successfully met their objects.
In The Yell of Bulls, although the obedient subject’s requirement for Kurdish written language is to some extent the same as the North section, people here are opposing their own language mostly because they are scared and terrified by the authoritie, and ideology, here, does not succeed to capture all their mind. Generally, the most recurrent themes in The Yell of Bulls are suppression, hope, and uprising, while in The Unfinished Stories Contest the themes include ideology, helplessness, and failure.
Despite of these, the murderer’s regret – in the forgoing novel – of the killing the protagonist, his master, and understanding the reality of his opinion, and the persistence of the protagonist in The Yell of Bulls and their insurrection for language indicate the continuity of resistance.
Key Words: Kurdish language, ideology, respresive State apparatuses, ideological State apparayuses, the subject, subjectivation, North and East of Kurdistan, The Unfinished Stories Contest, The Yell of Bulls .
